Udemy Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Results

Full year 2025 consolidated subscription revenue increased 8% year-over-year

Added $13 million in Net New Annual Recurring Revenue in Q4

Net Dollar Retention Rate stabilized at 97% for Large Customers and 93% total

Expanded full year 2025 Adjusted EBITDA Margin by 700 basis points

SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Udemy (Nasdaq: UDMY), a leading AI-powered skills acceleration platform, today reported results for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2025.

In light of the pending combination with Coursera (NYSE: COUR), which remains subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions, Udemy will not host a conference call to discuss the results and will not provide financial guidance.

Financial Results and Key Operating Data Summary

(in millions, except enterprise customers, consumer paid subscribers, percentages, and basis points; unaudited)

“Udemy demonstrated strong execution in Q4 and throughout 2025, creating tangible momentum toward becoming the system of record for helping companies upskill their workforce in an increasingly AI-driven world,” said Udemy President & CEO Hugo Sarrazin. “Revenue came in at the high end of our guidance range for both the quarter and year. Importantly, we drove 8% growth in full-year consolidated subscription revenue, which now represents 72% of our total revenue. These results highlight the resilience of our subscription-first approach and validates our strategic transformation toward higher value, recurring revenue streams.

“Udemy Business showed momentum building with year-over-year ARR growth stabilizing, while delivering $13 million in Net New ARR in Q4, up from $7 million in the prior quarter. The strategic actions we took earlier in the year to improve retention and drive expansion also resulted in stabilization of our Net Dollar Retention Rate. These results reflect continued progress in our enterprise business and strategy.

“Our Consumer transformation strategy delivered positive results, with the segment’s full year subscription revenue increasing 44% year-over-year. We added nearly 50,000 paid subscribers during Q4 to reach more than 340,000 total at year end. These results validate our strategic pivot toward subscription monetization.

“We delivered our first full year of positive net income and exceeded the high end of our Adjusted EBITDA guidance, expanding full-year Adjusted EBITDA Margin by 700 basis points. Driven by our focus on operational excellence, cost efficiencies, and operational leverage, Adjusted EBITDA increased by $52 million, representing over 120% growth year-over-year. We ended the year with nearly $360 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, providing us with financial flexibility to capitalize on the growth opportunities ahead.

“As AI fundamentally reshapes the future of work, organizations recognize that they will need a comprehensive learning operating system that can intelligently reskill workforces at scale. This demand is reflected in increasing enrollments in AI content on Udemy, which grew 120% year-over-year in 2025, with learners investing more than 700 million minutes of time to develop these critical skills. Enterprises require proprietary, role-specific learning experiences that align with their unique organizational policies and strategic objectives, and we believe Udemy is well-positioned to provide that critical learning system. We look forward to empowering companies around the world to thrive in the AI era by transforming their talent,” concluded Sarrazin.

Full Year 2025 Financial Highlights

Key Financial Results

• Total revenue for the year of $789.8 million was at the high end of the full year guidance range.
• Consolidated subscription revenue of $566.0 million increased 8% year-over-year, representing 72% of total revenue, or a 600 basis point expansion.
• Total gross margin was 66% compared to 63% in 2024.
• Net income was $3.8 million, compared to net loss of $85.3 million in the prior year.
• Adjusted EBITDA of $95.3 million, or 12% of revenue, exceeded the high end of the full year guidance range and represented a 700 basis point expansion year-over-year.

Udemy Business Segment

• Enterprise segment, or Udemy Business, revenue of $524.1 million increased 6% year-over-year.
• Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) increased 4% year-over-year to $540.0 million.
• Net Dollar Retention Rate (NDRR) stabilized at 93%, and Udemy Business Large Customer NDRR stabilized at 97%.

Consumer Segment

• Consumer segment revenue of $265.8 million decreased 9% year-over-year. The year-over-year decline in segment revenue was expected due to Udemy’s strategic pivot to prioritize recurring revenue offerings over transactional purchases.
• Consumer subscription revenue increased 44% year-over-year to $44.5 million.
• Increased paid consumer subscribers by 102% year over year, ending 2025 with 343,000.

Operating Expenses

• Operating expenses for 2025 were $522.6 million, or 66% of revenue, representing a year-over-year improvement of 800 basis points.
  • Sales and marketing expense was down 5% year-over-year to $326.5 million. The decrease was driven by savings in direct marketing costs, personnel costs, and stock-based compensation expense, and was partially offset by increases in amortization of deferred contract costs, software subscriptions and other allocated costs.
  • Research and development expense was down 19% year-over-year to $101.5 million. The decrease was driven by lower personnel costs and stock-based compensation expense.
  • General and administrative expense was down 3% year-over-year to $93.0 million. The decrease was primarily driven by lower stock-based compensation expense and certain professional services costs incurred in the prior year that are not part of ongoing operations. These were partially offset by higher current period charges to reserves for credit losses, increased professional services expenses in support of ongoing operations, and transaction costs incurred in 2025 related to the proposed combination with Coursera.
  • Restructuring charges were down 91% year-over-year to $1.6 million. The majority of the charges related to the strategic restructuring activities announced in September 2024 were recognized into expense during the prior year.

Cash Flow and Balance Sheet

• Full year 2025 net cash provided by operating activities was $87.7 million.
• Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities were $359.1 million at the end of the year.
• Free cash flow was positive $70.0 million.

Fourth Quarter 2025 Financial Highlights

Key Financial Results

• Total revenue for the quarter of $194.0 million was at the high end of the Q4 guidance range.
• Consolidated subscription revenue increased 7% year-over-year to $146.8 million, or 76% of total revenue.
• Total gross margin was 66% compared to 64% in Q4 2024.
• Net loss was $2.3 million, a 76% year-over-year improvement.
• Adjusted EBITDA of $21.4 million, or 11% of revenue, exceeded the high end of the Q4 guidance range and represented a 100 basis point expansion year-over-year.

Udemy Business Segment

• Enterprise segment, or Udemy Business, revenue of $134.2 million increased 3% year-over-year.
• Added $12.8 million of Net New ARR quarter-over-quarter.

Consumer Segment

• Consumer segment revenue of $59.8 million decreased 14% year-over-year. The year-over-year decline in segment revenue was expected due to Udemy’s strategic pivot to prioritize recurring revenue offerings over transactional purchases.
• Consumer subscription revenue increased 53% year-over-year to $13.3 million.
• Added 49,000 net paid consumer subscribers.

Operating Expenses

• Operating expenses were $131.5 million, or 68% of revenue, representing a year-over-year improvement of 100 basis points.
  • Sales and marketing expense was flat year-over-year at $82.6 million. Lower direct marketing costs and stock-based compensation expense were offset by increases in personnel costs and amortization of deferred contract costs.
  • Research and development expense was down 15% year-over-year to $24.6 million. The decrease was driven by lower personnel costs and stock-based compensation expense.
  • General and administrative expense was up 11% year-over-year to $24.2 million. The increase was primarily driven by transaction costs incurred in the fourth quarter of 2025 related to the proposed merger with Coursera. This was partially offset by lower stock-based compensation expense.
  • Restructuring charges were zero in the fourth quarter of 2025, versus $5.4 million in the comparable quarter. Charges associated with the strategic restructuring announced in September 2024 were fully recognized by the second quarter of 2025.

Additional Highlights

• Acquired new, or expanded existing, relationships with Udemy Business customers globally, including Arm (UK), BCI (Canada), Capgemini SE (France), Coldwater Creek (U.S.), Dubai Academic Health Corporation (UAE), Ericsson AB (Sweden), Genpact LLC (U.S.), Groupe Astek (France), Infosys Limited (India), Kellanova (U.S.), Mercado Libre Latam (Argentina), NNE (Denmark), Red Hat (U.S.), Solstice Advanced Materials (U.S.), and Trader Corporation (Canada).
• Announced the first in a wave of tools planned for Udemy’s new AI-powered Microlearning experience, including tools that will be designed to enable instructors to quickly review, edit, create or approve engaging microlearning content and activities derived from their courses.
• Announced several new strategic partnerships including:
  • LG CNS, a leading AI transformation (AX) company in Korea to expand Udemy into Korea's corporate training market.
  • Emtrain, a leading provider of skills-based compliance training, to provide enterprise customers access to extensive compliance and workplace culture training content.
  • Workera, a leading AI-powered skills verification platform, to provide a unified, data-driven way to understand workforce capabilities, identify skill gaps, and demonstrate the impact of targeted learning at scale.
  • Mila, one of the world’s leading AI research institutes, to equip workplace teams with the practical skills, ethical frameworks, and governance tools needed to keep pace with rapid innovation.
  • HSM, a leading provider of corporate education, to expand Udemy Business’s presence in Brazil.
  • Entri, a leading learning platform focused on India’s 400 million vernacular learners, to expand upskilling opportunities in India.

Pending Coursera Combination

On December 17, 2025, Udemy and Coursera entered into a definitive merger agreement under which Coursera will combine with Udemy in an all-stock transaction. Under the terms of the definitive agreement, Udemy stockholders will receive 0.800 shares of Coursera common stock for each share of Udemy common stock. Upon the closing of the transaction, existing Coursera stockholders are expected to own approximately 59% and existing Udemy stockholders are expected to own approximately 41% of the combined company, on a fully diluted basis.

The transaction is expected to close by the second half of 2026, subject to the receipt of required regulatory approvals, approval by Coursera and Udemy shareholders, and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

Please visit https://courseraandudemy.com for more information and updates about the transaction.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement the consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), this press release contains certain non-GAAP financial measures as defined below. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results because our management team and board of directors use these non-GAAP financial measures for the purposes of assessing operating results and business planning. These non-GAAP financial measures also provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business by removing the effect of certain non-cash expenses and certain variable charges.

Udemy’s non-GAAP financial measures may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Because of the limitations of non-GAAP financial measures, you should consider the non-GAAP financial measures presented herein in conjunction with Udemy’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto. Please refer to the non-GAAP reconciliations in this press release for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP, adjusted to exclude i) interest income; ii) interest expense; iii) provision for income taxes; iv) depreciation and amortization; v) other income (expense), net, including gains and losses from the remeasurement of foreign currency assets and liabilities into their functional currency; vi) stock-based compensation expense; vii) restructuring charges, and viii) acquisition-related costs. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue for the same period.

Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) and Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) Per Share, Basic and Diluted

We define non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, restructuring charges, and acquisition-related costs.

We define non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, basic, as non-GAAP net income (loss) divided by weighted-average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, basic. We define non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, diluted, as non-GAAP net income (loss) divided by weighted-average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, diluted, which adjusts for the potentially dilutive effects of our employee equity incentive plans.

Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin

We define non-GAAP gross profit as gross profit, adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense and the amortization of acquired intangible assets. We calculate non-GAAP gross margin as non-GAAP gross profit divided by revenue for the same period.

Free Cash Flow

We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities, less purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software costs, as we consider these capital expenditures necessary to support our ongoing operations.

Key Business Metrics

Udemy Business customers

We count the total number of Udemy Business (“UB”) customers at the end of each period. To do so, we generally count unique customers using the concept of a domestic ultimate parent, defined as the highest business in the family tree that is in the same country as the contracted entity. In some cases, we deviate from this methodology, defining the contracted entity as a unique customer despite the existence of a domestic ultimate parent. This often occurs where the domestic ultimate parent is a financial owner, government entity, conglomerate, or acquisition target where we have contracted directly with the subsidiary. We define a UB customer as a customer who purchases Udemy via our direct sales force, reseller partnerships or through our self-service platform.

Udemy Business Annual Recurring Revenue

We disclose our UB ARR as a measure of our Enterprise revenue growth. ARR represents the annualized value of our UB customer contracts on the last day of a given period. Only revenue from closed UB contracts with active seats as of the last day of the period are included.

Udemy Business Net Dollar Retention Rate and Udemy Business Large Customer Net Dollar Retention Rate

We disclose UB Net Dollar Retention Rate, or UB NDRR, as a measure of revenue growth for all UB customers within our Enterprise segment, including UB Large Customers, which we define as companies with at least 1,000 employees. We calculate UB NDRR as the total ARR at the end of a trailing twelve-month period divided by the total ARR at the beginning of a trailing twelve-month period for the cohort of all UB customers active at the beginning of the trailing twelve-month period. We calculate UB Large Customer NDRR as the total UB Large Customer ARR at the end of a trailing twelve-month period divided by the total Large Customer ARR at the beginning of a trailing twelve-month period for the cohort of UB customers with at least 1,000 employees active at the beginning of the trailing twelve-month period. Total ARR and Large Customer ARR at the end of a trailing twelve-month period are calculated as ARR and Large Customer ARR, respectively, at the beginning of a trailing twelve-month period that are then adjusted for upsells, downsells, and churns for the same cohort of customers during that period. Large Customer ARR represents the annualized value of contracts for UB customers with active seats and having at least 1,000 employees on the last day of a given period.

Paid Consumer subscribers

We count the total number of paid Consumer subscribers at the end of each period. Paid Consumer subscribers are defined as users who had an active paid subscription to any Consumer subscription offering at the end of the last day of a given period. The count of paid subscribers does not include users who are currently on a free trial.

Monthly average buyers

A buyer is a consumer who purchases a course or subscription through our direct-to-consumer offering. We first determine the number of monthly buyers by taking the total buyers of single courses during a given month plus the total active, paid consumer subscribers at any point in that month, adjusting for duplicate buyers that may be present in both totals. We then calculate monthly average buyers by taking an average of the monthly buyer totals over a particular period, such as a fiscal year. Our monthly average buyer count is not intended as a measure of active engagement, as not all buyers are active at any given time or over any given period.

Segment revenue and segment adjusted gross profit

Segment revenue represents the revenue recognized from our two segments, Enterprise (or Udemy Business), and Consumer. Segment adjusted gross profit is defined as segment revenue less segment adjusted cost of revenue. Segment adjusted cost of revenue includes content costs, customer support services, hosting and platform costs, and payment processing fees that are allocable to each segment. Segment adjusted gross profit excludes amortization of capitalized software, depreciation, stock-based compensation, and amortization of intangible assets included in cost of revenue as our chief operating decision maker does not include the information in his measurement of the performance of the operating segments.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding trends in consumer and learner activity related to our platform; anticipated future expenses and investments; our business strategy and plans, including the impact of our strategic and operational efficiency initiatives and our ability to successfully execute on these initiatives; market growth; and our market position and potential market opportunities. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “potential,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “target,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected or implied by the forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from the results predicted and reported results should not be considered as an indication of future performance. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: general economic, market or business conditions, including competition, risks related to online learning solutions and risks related to our AI innovations and AI generally; risks related to the business combination, including the effect of the announcement of the business combination on the ability of Coursera or Udemy to retain and hire key personnel and maintain relationships with customers, vendors and others with whom Coursera or Udemy do business, or on Coursera’s or Udemy’s operating results and business generally; risks that the business combination disrupts current plans and operations and the potential difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified personnel as a result of the business combination; the outcome of any legal proceedings related to the business combination; the ability of the parties to consummate the proposed transaction on a timely basis or at all; the satisfaction of the conditions precedent to consummation of the proposed transaction, including the ability to secure regulatory approvals on the terms expected, at all or in a timely manner; the ability to successfully integrate Coursera’s and Udemy’s operations and business on a timely basis or otherwise in accordance with the standards and obligations applicable to the combined company as a public benefit corporation and as a B Corp.

Investor Contact
Dennis Walsh
Vice President, Investor Relations
dennis.walsh@udemy.com